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Our Mathematical Universe: My Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality, by Max Tegmark
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Max Tegmark leads us on an astonishing journey through past, present and future, and through the physics, astronomy and mathematics that are the foundation of his work, most particularly his hypothesis that our physical reality is a mathematical structure and his theory of the ultimate multiverse. In a dazzling combination of both popular and groundbreaking science, he not only helps us grasp his often mind-boggling theories, but he also shares with us some of the often surprising triumphs and disappointments that have shaped his life as a scientist. Fascinating from first to last—this is a book that has already prompted the attention and admiration of some of the most prominent scientists and mathematicians.
- Sales Rank: #381927 in Books
- Brand: Tegmark, Max
- Published on: 2014-01-07
- Released on: 2014-01-07
- Format: Deckle Edge
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.52" h x 1.60" w x 6.60" l, 1.80 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 432 pages
- a mathematician's quest for the nature of ultimate reality
From Booklist
*Starred Review* Nobel-laureate physicist Eugene Wigner regarded the power of mathematics to explain the cosmos as a baffling mystery. Tegmark offers a resolution of that mystery, arguing that mathematics describes the universe so well because the universe ultimately is mathematics. The rare intellectual daring in this claim emerges as Tegmark teases out its stunning implications not only for the visible universe but also for countless, unseen, parallel universes (on four levels!) in which all conceivable possibilities become realities. Aware of the skeptics, Tegmark demonstrates that his theorizing harmonizes with concepts now central to cosmology, particularly the astrophysical formulas for the post–Big Bang inflation that gave space its geometry. Tegmark’s mathematical paradigm also accounts for the strange fine-tuning of the universe’s fundamental constants and dispels the paradoxes surrounding quantum measurement. Lively and lucid, the narrative invites general readers into debates over computer models for brain function, over scientific explanations of consciousness, and over prospects for finding advanced life in other galaxies. Though he reflects soberly on the perils of nuclear war and of hostile artificial intelligence, Tegmark concludes with a bracingly upbeat call for scientifically minded activists who recognize a rare opportunity to make our special planet a force for cosmic progress. An exhilarating adventure for bold readers. --Bryce Christensen
Review
Brian Greene, physicist, author of�The Elegant Universe�and�The Hidden Reality
“Our Mathematical Universe�boldly�confronts one of the deepest questions at the fertile interface of physics and philosophy: why is mathematics so spectacularly successful at describing the cosmos? Through lively writing and wonderfully accessible explanations, Max Tegmark—one of the world’s leading theoretical physicists—guides the reader to a possible answer, and reveals how, if it’s right, our understanding of reality itself would be radically altered.”
Michio Kaku, author of�Physics of the Future�
“Daring, Radical. Innovative. A game changer. If Dr. Tegmark is correct, this represents a paradigm shift in the relationship between physics and mathematics, forcing us to rewrite our textbooks. A must read for anyone deeply concerned about our universe.”�
Ray Kurzweil, author of�The Singularity is Near
“Tegmark offers a fresh and fascinating perspective on the fabric of physical reality and life itself. He helps us see ourselves in a cosmic context that highlights the grand opportunities for the future of life in our universe.”�
Prof. Edward Witten, physicist, Fields Medalist & Milner Laureate
“Readers of varied backgrounds will enjoy this book. Almost anyone will find something to learn here, much to ponder, and perhaps something to disagree with.”�
Prof. Andrei Linde, physicist, Gruber & Milner Laureate for development of inflationary cosmology
“This inspirational book written by a true expert presents an explosive mixture of physics, mathematics and philosophy which may alter your views on reality.”
Prof. Mario Livio, astrophysicist, author of�Brilliant Blunders�and�Is God a Mathematician?�
“Galileo famously said that the universe is written in the language of mathematics. Now Max Tegmark says that the universe IS mathematics. You don’t have to necessarily agree, to enjoy this fascinating journey into the nature of reality.”
Prof. Julian Barbour, physicist, author of�The End of Time
“Scientists and lay aficionados alike will find Tegmark’s book packed with information and very thought provoking. You may recoil from his thesis, but nearly every page will make you wish you could debate the issues face-to-face with him.”
Prof. Seth Lloyd, Professor of quantum mechanical engineering, MIT, author of�Programming the Universe
“In Our Mathematical Universe, renowned cosmologist Max Tegmark takes us on a whirlwind tour of the universe, past, present—and other. �With lucid language and clear examples, Tegmark provides us with the master measure of not only of our cosmos, but of all possible universes. �The universe may be lonely, but it is not alone.”
Prof. David Deutsch, physicist, Dirac Laureate for pioneering quantum computing
“A lucid, engaging account of the various many-universes theories of fundamental physics that are currently being considered, from the multiverse of quantum theory to Tegmark’s own grand vision.”
Amir Alexander,�The New York Times
“This is science writing at its best — dynamic, dramatic and accessible. […]�‘Our Mathematical Universe’ is nothing if not impressive. Brilliantly argued and beautifully written, it is never�less than thought-provoking about the greatest mysteries of our existence.”
Publishers Weekly�(starred review)
“Tegmark offers a fascinating exploration of multiverse theories, each one offering new ways to explain ‘quantum weirdness’ and other mysteries that have plagued physicists, culminating in the idea that our physical world is ‘a giant mathematical object’ shaped by geometry and symmetry. Tegmark’s writing is lucid, enthusiastic, and outright entertaining, a thoroughly accessible discussion leavened with anecdotes and the pure joy of a scientist at work.”�
Bryce Cristensen,�Booklist�(starred review)
“Lively and lucid, the narrative invites general readers into debates over computer models for brain function, over scientific explanations of consciousness, and over prospects for finding advanced life in other galaxies. Though he reflects soberly on the perils of nuclear war and of hostile artificial intelligence, Tegmark concludes with a bracingly upbeat call for scientifically minded activists who recognize a rare opportunity to make our special planet a force for cosmic progress. An exhilarating adventure for bold readers.”�
Robert Matthews,�BBC Focus magazine�
“Max Tegmark is�a professor of physics at MIT and a leading expert on theories of the Universe. But he’s also arguably the nearest we�have to a successor to Richard Feynman, the bongo-playing, wise-cracking physicist who proved it is possible to be smart, savvy and subversive at the�same time. […]�now `Mad Max’ has been given the freedom of an entire book. And he hasn't wasted it. Around half of it is a�lucid tour d'horizon of what we know about the Universe. The rest is an exhilarating expedition far beyond conventional thinking, in search of the true�meaning of reality. Don't be fooled: Tegmark is a very smart physicist, not a hand-waving philosopher, so the going gets tough in parts. But his insights�and conclusions are staggering—and perhaps even crazy enough to be true.”
Andrew Liddle,�Nature�
“Cosmologist Max Tegmark has�written an engaging and accessible book, Our Mathematical Universe, that grapples with this multiverse scenario. He aims initially at the scientifically�literate public, but seeks to take us to—and, indeed, beyond—the frontiers of accepted knowledge. […] This is a valuable book, written in a deceptively simple style but not afraid to make�significant demands on its readers, especially once the multiverse level gets turned up to four. It is impressive how far Tegmark can carry you until, like�a cartoon character running off a cliff, you wonder whether there is anything holding you up.”
Peter Woit,�The Wall�Street Journal�
“Our Mathematical Universe is a fascinating and well-executed dramatic argument from a talented expositor.”
Edward Frenkel, The New York Times Sunday Book Review
"An informative survey of exciting recent developments in astrophysics and quantum theory [...] Tegmark participated in some of these�pioneering developments, and he enlivens his story with personal anecdotes. [...] Tegmark does an excellent job explaining this and�other puzzles in a way accessible to nonspecialists. Packed with clever metaphors”
Nathan Gelgud,�Biographile Nathan Gelgud,�Biographile�
“Just a few years ago, the idea of�multiple universes was seen as a crackpot idea, not even on the margins of respectability. […]�But now, thanks in large part to�Tegmark and his pursuit of controversial ideas, the concept of multiple universes (or a multiverse) is considered likely by many experts in the field.[…]�Tegmark's clear, engaging prose style can take you down these exciting and�unexpected pathways of thought without making you feel lost. [...] in Our Mathematical Universe, we meet a revolutionary cosmology physicist who is�hell bent on figuring out if that theory is true, how to prove it, how to use it, and what it means for the world as we know it.”
Clive Cookson,�Financial Times
“Today multiple universes are�scientifically respectable, thanks to the work of Tegmark as much as anyone. [...] Physics could do with more characters like Tegmark. He combines an�imaginative intellect and a charismatic presence with a determination to promote his subject [...] enough will be comprehensible for non-scientific�readers to enjoy an amazing ride through the rich landscape of contemporary cosmology. There are many interesting diversions from the main�argument, from an assessment of threats to human civilisation (such as a 30 per cent risk of nuclear war) to the chance of intelligent life elsewhere in�our galaxy (lower than astrobiologists like to think). Written in a lively and slightly quirky style, it should engage any reader interested in the infinite�variety of nature.”�
Mark Buchanan,�New Scientist�
“The book is an excellent guide to recent developments in quantum cosmology and the ongoing debate over theories of parallel�universes....Perhaps this book is proof that the two personalities needed for science—the speculative and sceptic—can readily exist�in one individual.”
Peter�Forbes,�The Independent�
"In Our Mathematical Universe, Max Tegmark—a distinguished cosmologist—gives a lucid rundown of�the current state of knowledge on the origin, present state, and fate of the universe(s). [...] It is immensely�illuminating on the reach of current cosmological theories. [...] From time to time, Tegmark engagingly admits that�such ideas sound like nonsense, but he makes the crucial point that if a theory makes good predictions you have�to follow all of the consequences. [...] His concluding chapter on the risks humanity faces is wise and bracing: he�believes we "are alone in our Universe" but are capable of tackling terrible threats from cosmic accidents, or self-induced nuclear or climatic catastrophes. He doesn’t cite poets but his philosophy adds up to an updated 21st-century version of Thomas Hardy's 'If way to the better there be, it exacts a full look at the worst.'"
�
Giles Whittell, The Times
"mind-bending book about the cosmos" [...] "Tegmark's achievement is to explain what on earth he is talking�about in language any reasonably attentive reader will understand. He is a professor at MIT, and clearly a fine�teacher as well as thinker. He tackles the big, interrelated questions of cosmology and subatomic physics much�more intelligibly than, say, Stephen Hawking."�
Brian Rotman,�The Guardian
"Max Tegmark's doorstopper of a book takes aim at three great puzzles: how large is reality? What is everything�made of? Why is our universe the way it is? Tegmark, a professor of physics at MIT, writes at the cutting edge of�cosmology and quantum theory in friendly and relaxed prose, full of entertaining anecdotes and down-to-earth�analogies."
Stephen Hirtle,�The Pittsburg Post-Gazette�
"Our Mathematical Universe�is a delightful book in which the Swedish-born author, now at MIT,�takes readers on a roller coaster ride through cosmology, quantum mechanics, parallel universes, sub-atomic�particles and the future of humanity. It is quite an adventure with many time-outs along the way.... Our�Mathematical Universe gives keen insight into someone who asks questions for the pure joy of answering them."
About the Author
Max Tegmark is author or coauthor of more than two hundred technical papers, twelve of which have been cited more than five hundred times. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, and is a physics professor at MIT.
Most helpful customer reviews
235 of 253 people found the following review helpful.
Our Mathematical Universe is one of the finest popular science books I've ever read
By Michael Birman
Books that discuss the nature of reality have become a cottage industry lately. Brian Greene, Stephen Hawking, Roger Penrose and now Max Tegmark have all attempted to explain the physicist's view of the ultimate nature of reality to a popular audience. Penrose's book, with its advanced mathematics, is geared towards those with a technical background but the trend has been to simplify the science and make these books anecdotal and gentle. Tegmark seems to have discovered the sweet spot between hard core science and a fun read, using the word "geeky" as a red flag any time a technical detail is about to be broached. His language is reader friendly and easy to understand. Tegmark is a good writer and anyone that has seen him on television (Through the Wormhole, for example) knows that he is funny and well-grounded in popular culture. Our Mathematical Universe is a nearly perfect example of a popularized science book.
Years of reading science books have produced a personal pantheon of the finest I've ever come across. There are several aspects of Tegmark's book that have placed it amongst the three finest popular science books I've ever read. The other two books are Albert Einstein and Leopold Infield's The Evolution of Physics and Kip Thorne's Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy (Commonwealth Fund Book Program). The first book, The Evolution of Physics, is still the clearest exposition of classical and (relatively) modern physics ever written, despite its age. It remains the most authoritative, concise and profound discussion of the source of Einstein's world-shattering ideas, and has never been surpassed as a book written by a great scientist for a popular audience. Kip Thorne's book combines personal reminiscence and scientific exposition with an elegance and depth that makes it my choice as the finest modern popularized science book. Thorne proved that you can write about science in an engaging manner without sacrificing either intelligence or necessary relevant technical detail.
The attributes that raise Tegmark's book amongst the very finest in the genre are its engaging writing style, its willingness to discuss technical details about recent trends in cosmology without sacrificing either intelligence or clarity, and its almost subversive depth. Tegmark has a flair for discussing some really knotty topics like the significance of the cosmic microwave background, Einstein's theory of gravitation, the geometry of curved space, mathematically precise cosmology, dark matter and dark energy without losing the reader in a labyrinth of confusing and difficult scientific details. Tegmark teaches without ever being pedantic and he entertains while he clarifies and enlightens. There aren't many science writers who can write about such abstract and craggy subjects as cosmology, multiple multiverse levels, and mathematics as the ultimate nature of physical reality with Tegmark's wit and ease. If you are a fan of reading popularized science books, Our Mathematical Universe is one of the finest I've ever read and definitely worth your consideration.
66 of 76 people found the following review helpful.
Story of Life, the Universe and Everything
By Paul Moskowitz
Despite its name, "Our Mathematical Universe" is not a math book. It is an exploration of the nature of our physical reality according to the author's own Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (MUH). However, the MUH has been noted by math fans. For instance, it is the last subject covered in The Math Book by Clifford Pickover.
At the end of the first chapter, Tegmark suggests that if you are a physicist you can skip ahead. I do not recommend this. Tegmark tells his story in a lively manner punctuated by illustrations and personal anecdotes. It is all a good read.
Along the way, we learn that the author has conducted a survey of physicists, repeated over time, about the quantum wave function. Early on, sentiment favors the Copenhagen interpretation. Later, Many Worlds is favored. I fall into that latter group. Tegmark proposes a life-or-death quantum machine-gun test of Many Worlds. I do not think that his test is necessary. The improbable victory of the Mets in game six of the 1986 World Series is sufficient proof for me.
Tegmark says that it is not enough to say that mathematics describes physical reality, but that our physical reality is mathematics. Our conservation laws are expressions of symmetries of the mathematical object that is our (multi)universe. Also, time is just another coordinate in space-time. Its passage is an illusion. I have read that Tegmark sends e-mails to his future selves.
Like many physicists, I believe that the Second Law is perhaps our most important concept. I think that Tegmark should have said more about how the MUH treats entropy.
Finally, Tegmark presents a way to test the MUH. If the universe is not a mathematical object, then physics will reach a dead end in which we can no longer describe reality by mathematics. If the MUH is correct, then we will continue to find mathematical descriptions.
Tegmark is an excellent storyteller. This work is well worth reading and thinking about.
211 of 256 people found the following review helpful.
A journey through Max Tegmark's roving mind
By Ash Jogalekar
Max Tegmark's book is a dazzling journey through the farthest reaches of physics, from the very small to the very large. Tegmark's wide-ranging mind leads us through physics spread across an incredible range of scales, from the size of the atomic nucleus to the entire universe. Tegmark does an excellent job of telling us how we know about the details of events like the Big Bang. He has succinct descriptions of the two cornerstones of physics, quantum mechanics and relativity, and describes many of their manifestations ranging from lasers to black holes. The sheer range of phenomena and topics explored by Tegmark in the book is staggering, and for the most part he does a good job explaining technical details like anomalies in the cosmic microwave background and quantum entanglement. There are even chapters on biology including ruminations on quantum effects in the brain and the emergence of biological complexity.
Tegmark's stories are highly personal and his infectious enthusiasm for science shines through, even if the language is often a little too colloquial and gee-whiz (the phrase "Oh no!" punctuates the narrative literally hundreds of times) and even if the author seems to be a little too smitten at times with his own cleverness and late night thinking binges. Another slight issue with the book is that in his quest to cover as much ground as possible, Tegmark often gives short shrift to some important topics; for instance his criticism of Roger Penrose's thoughts on the brain operating by quantum principles is all too brief and does not consider some recent work implicating quantum entanglement in photosynthesis.
Unfortunately these splendid discussions and detours are marred in my opinion by an even bigger problem: Tegmark's analysis of multiple universes. Drawing on the latest theories in physics, mathematics and quantum computing he navigates the myriad and fascinating implications of parallel universes. He also takes a swipe at the very fanciful conjecture that the entire observable universe might simply be a computer simulation in some super-intelligent alien's universe. Unfortunately this is all speculation and currently we don't have any experimental evidence that these wondrous creatures actually exist. In addition many of the ideas seem to only push previous problems under the rug. For instance, so-called "M theory" suffers from the presence of an unimaginable number of possible solutions; in Tegmark and others' world, the answer to this conundrum is to postulate unobservable multiple universes, each one of which can accommodate every one of these solutions. It's like building one unstable structure to support another. Unlike some other treatments of the subject, Tegmark's narrative pays scant attention to discussing the testable implications of these fantastic theories, and one wishes he had expressed more reservations about some of his musings, especially in the absence of experimental evidence. This makes the journey less of science and more of science fiction and philosophy. Now it's perfectly ok to write a book about philosophy, but it's a problem when it's pitched as cutting-edge science.
Ultimately the discussion of multiple universes generates more heat than light and sounds more like the byproduct of a brilliant and feverish imagination than the handiwork of rigorous science constrained by experiment. Speculation, no matter how fascinating and mind-expanding, is not science. Ever since the Renaissance science has been defined by agreement with observation and experiment, and it would be an understatement to say that this commonsense approach has yielded a windfall of scientific discoveries and benefits that the founders of the scientific method wouldn't even have imagined. Even quantum physics with all its paradoxes and counterintuitive implications is ultimately accepted as legitimate science only because of its unprecedented agreement with experiment. In contrast, the founders of modern science would not have recognized fantasy-laden speculations about extra dimensions and multiverses that have been propagated in a decade's worth of popular physics books, of which Tegmark's volume is only the latest incarnation.
It is time we again grounded physics in the real world and lifted a page out of Newton and Bacon's playbook, and it is time that we clearly separated science from philosophy, but Tegmark's book provides little clues regarding how this very important and necessary goal can be achieved.
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